Reprints on TWIP Steels

High-manganese steels have received much interest in recent years due to their outstanding mechanical properties combining high strength and ductility. This property profile is attributed to their high strain hardening capacity.


High-manganese steels are typically austenitic steels, i.e. they are face-centered cubic (fcc) alloys, with a high Mn content (above 20% wt.%) and additions of elements such as carbon (<1 wt.%), silicon (<3 wt.%) and aluminum (<10 wt.%).

 

This steel grade exhibits different hardening mechanisms, such as transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP), twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) or microband-induced plasticity (MBIP). The activation of these mechanisms is strongly dependent on the stacking fault energy. TRIP is observed in very low stacking fault steels (below 20 mJ m-2) and is associated with the transformation of austenite (fcc phase) into e-martensite (hexagonal close-packed phase), which in turn further acts as nucleus of a'-martensite (body-centered cubic or tetragonal phase). TWIP is observed in medium stacking fault energy steels (20–40 mJ m-2) and is characterized by the formation of deformation twins with nanometer thickness. MBIP has been recently reported in steel grades with high stacking fault energy (ca. 90 mJ m-2) and is attributed to the formation of microbands, which are in-grain shear zones that are confined by geometrically necessary boundaries or conventional grain boundaries. These microstructure features (e-martensite plates, deformation twins and microbands) lead to a remarkable variety of strain hardening phenomena as they all act as effective obstacles for dislocation glide. High-manganese TWIP steels are characterized by a hierarchical microstructure refinement that includes complex dislocation and twin substructures, and their interactions. Although there are some previous studies on the strain hardening behavior in TWIP steels, the details of the underlying kinetics of the substructure evolution and its correspondence to the stress–strain and strain hardening evolution is not yet fully understood.

TWIP steel (Acta Materialia 59 (2011) 6449)
Suppression of twinning and phase transformation in an ultrafine grained 2 GPa strong metastable austenitic steel: Experiment and simulation
An ultrafine-grained 304 austenitic 18 wt.% Cr–8 wt.% Ni stainless steel with a grain size of 270 nm was synthesized by accumulative rolling (67% total reduction) and annealing (550°C, 150 s). Tensile testing reveals an extremely high yield strength of 1890 ± 50 MPa and a tensile strength of 2050 ± 30 MPa, while the elongation reaches 6 ± 1%.
Acta Materialia 97 (2015) 305 UFG stainl[...]
PDF-Dokument [2.1 MB]
Influence of manganese on the stacking fault and austenite/epsilon-martensite interface energies in Fe–Mn–(Al–Si) steels
The stacking fault and interfacial energies of three transformation- and twinning-induced plasticity steels (TRIP/TWIP) (Fe–22/25/ 28Mn–3Al–3Si wt.%) were determined by experimental and theoreti
TWIP steel Mn stacking fault energy aust[...]
PDF-Dokument [2.4 MB]
Revealing the strain-hardening behavior of twinning-induced plasticity steels: Theory, simulations, experiments
This work is about the development and application of a multiscale dislocation density-based constitutive model for the strain-hardening behavior in twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steels. The appr
TWIP-model-experiments-Acta-Nov-2013.pdf
PDF-Dokument [1.8 MB]
Hydrogen-assisted failure in a twinning-induced plasticity steel studied under in situ hydrogen charging by electron channeling contrast imaging
We investigated the hydrogen embrittlement of a Fe–18Mn–1.2%C (wt.%) twinning-induced plasticity steel, focusing on the influence of deformation twins on hydrogen-assisted cracking.
Acta-Mater-hydrogen-induced-cracking-201[...]
PDF-Dokument [4.0 MB]
Electron channeling contrast imaging on a TWIP steels
Study on the dislocation and twin substructure during strain hardening of an Fe–22 wt.% Mn–0.6 wt.% C TWIP steel
Acta 59 (2011) ECCI-Fe-Mn-C.pdf
PDF-Dokument [2.5 MB]
Softening effects in TWIP steels
Study of internal stresses in a TWIP steel analyzing transient and permanent softening during reverse shear tests
J Mater Sc reverse shear tests TWIP.pdf
PDF-Dokument [416.6 KB]
Grain size and texture effects in TWIP steels
Grain size and texture effects on deformation twinning in a Fe–22 wt.% Mn–0.6 wt.% C TWIP steel
Gutierrez-Urrutia et al. Mater-Sc-Engin-[...]
PDF-Dokument [2.1 MB]
ECCI on TWIP steels: dislocations and twins
ECCI: Electron channeling contrast imaging of twins and dislocations in twinning-induced plasticity steels under controlled diffraction conditions in a scanning electron microscope
ScriptaMater61(2009)737-740.pdf
PDF-Dokument [422.5 KB]
Deformation twinning and slip in TWIP steel studied by Electron Channeling Contrast Imaging in a SEM
Study of deformation twinning and planar slip in a TWIP steel by Electron Channeling Contrast Imaging in a SEM
Reprint-TWIP-MSF.702-703.523.pdf
PDF-Dokument [2.3 MB]
Hydrogen-induced cracking in Fe-Mn-C steels
Hydrogen-induced cracking
Hydrogen-embrittlement-Scripta_Fe-Mn-C-H[...]
PDF-Dokument [710.9 KB]
Grain size effect on strain hardening in twinning-induced plasticity steels
Here we study the influence of grain size on the strain hardening of two Fe–22Mn–0.6C (wt.%) twinning-induced plasticity steels with average grain sizes of 3 and 50 um, respectively. The grain siz
Scripta 2012-Viewpoint-High-Mn.pdf
PDF-Dokument [797.9 KB]
Elastic properties of face-centred cubic Fe–Mn–C studied by nanoindentation and ab initio calculations
Reeh_AM_2012-ab-initio-elastic-modul.pdf
PDF-Dokument [887.1 KB]
Direct evidence for the formation of ordered carbides in a ferrite-based low-density Fe–Mn–Al–C alloy studied by transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography
Here we study the structure and chemical composition of the kappa-carbide formed as a result of isothermal transformation in an Fe–3.0Mn–5.5Al–0.3C alloy using transmission electron microscopy a
APT weight reduced kappa scripta viewpoi[...]
PDF-Dokument [1.0 MB]